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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"gen
face="Times New Roman Star"large intestineface="Times New Roman Star"òîëñòàÿ êèøêà
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gen (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"bo"venface="Times New Roman Star"po":n
face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n



face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n
face="Times New Roman Star"mo":n

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ja"n


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"jen

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 205, Ëåêñèêà 279, VEWT 83, EDT 328.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jakuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"coatface="Times New Roman Star"ïëàù, øóáà
face="Times New Roman Star"jaqu (MK)









face="Times New Roman Star"jaqqy, d/aqqy, jaqa, d/aqa

face="Times New Roman Star"sag|ynn/ax
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|y
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aqy (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?aqy (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jaqy





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 60-61, Ëåêñèêà 476. The form jag|qu is not really attested: it is a folk etymology related by MK. Turk. > Russ. jega/, see Àíèêèí 195, 721.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.ru"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 alder 2 cedarface="Times New Roman Star"1 îëüõà 2 êåäð


face="Times New Roman Star"jerek, jo"rek 1






face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ru"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ir@k 1






face="Times New Roman Star"jerek 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|erk 1




face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 206-207, VEWT 204, Ëåêñèêà 130-131. Turk. > Hung. gyu?ru? 'maple'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.gyr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"brownface="Times New Roman Star"áóðûéface="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz, jayz
face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (AH), jowuz (Ettuhf.)



face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz



face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr(ú)








face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z


face="Times New Roman Star"jawuzface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 64-65, EDT 909. Despite Poppe 61, Âëàäèìèðöîâ 267 and Clauson (EDT 909) Mong. dajir 'brown' - with which they would like to compare the Turkic form - does not exist.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ograkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"mountain goatface="Times New Roman Star"ãîðíûé êîçåë
face="Times New Roman Star"og|raq (IM)


























face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 405. Most Turkic languages reflect PT *oglak 'kid, goat' - possibly a merger of *ograk with *ogul 'son' (v. sub *i_uga).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ujukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"(felt) stockingsface="Times New Roman Star"(âîéëî÷íûå) ÷óëêèface="Times New Roman Star"ujuq (OUygh. - late)
face="Times New Roman Star"ujuk (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u>jyq




face="Times New Roman Star"ujuq (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"u>jyqface="Times New Roman Star"ujyqface="Times New Roman Star"u>ju>qface="Times New Roman Star"uju"k




face="Times New Roman Star"ÄÒÑ 608, VEWT 511, ÝÑÒß 1, 581-582, Ëåêñèêà 481. The root should be distinguished from *uk q. v. sub *p`o\k`a\ (there is no way of uniting them phonetically).
face="Times New Roman Star"*otface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"grassface="Times New Roman Star"òðàâàface="Times New Roman Star"ot (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ot (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"utface="Times New Roman Star"ot (AH, Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"ot, utface="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"ot
face="Times New Roman Star"ot
face="Times New Roman Star"udú, vudú (dial.) 'hay'face="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"o't
face="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"ot
face="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"ot
face="Times New Roman Star"otface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 34-35, ÝÑÒß 1, 481-483, Ëåêñèêà 119-120, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 294-295, Stachowski 197.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dandruffface="Times New Roman Star"ïåðõîòü

face="Times New Roman Star"konak





face="Times New Roman Star"Gon|aq


















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 excrements, faeces 2 hard soil, swampface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàâîç, ïîìåò 2 òâåðäàÿ ïî÷âà, áîëîòî
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"z (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n, ku"n (dial.) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"gu.n| 1





face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 735, ÝÑÒß 5, 103.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to mowface="Times New Roman Star"êîñèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"or- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ora-





face="Times New Roman Star"or-



face="Times New Roman Star"vyr-













face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 468, Ëåêñèêà 469.
face="Times New Roman Star"*urface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"growth, excrescenceface="Times New Roman Star"íàðîñò, îïóõîëü

face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"u>ry



face="Times New Roman Star"ur

face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"ur

face="Times New Roman Star"ur
face="Times New Roman Star"uru
face="Times New Roman Star"urface="Times New Roman Star"u>raface="Times New Roman Star"uryface="Times New Roman Star"u>ru>





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 598-599. Turk. > Mong. ur id.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"s-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to break through 2 rupture, herniaface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîðûâàòüñÿ 2 ïðîáîäåíèå, ãðûæà


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"s- 1, bu"ser 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s- 1





















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 84.
face="Times New Roman Star"*udface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ox, bullface="Times New Roman Star"âîë, áûêface="Times New Roman Star"ud (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ud| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"uj (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ujface="Times New Roman Star"ut



face="Times New Roman Star"uj





face="Times New Roman Star"uj








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 34, ÝÑÒß 1, 572-573, Ëåêñèêà 434-435 ( > MMong. uj, Ùåðáàê 1997, 161).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sum-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"noseface="Times New Roman Star"íîñ













face="Times New Roman Star"súw|mza













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399, Åãîðîâ 181, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 24 (but not to tums?uk!). An isolated Chuvash form with possible external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju:rtuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hole, needle holeface="Times New Roman Star"óøêî èíñòðóìåíòà

face="Times New Roman Star"igne jurdusu 'óøêî èãëû'
face="Times New Roman Star"jurdu 'óøêî èãëû, ñòðåëû, òîïîðà' (Pav. C.)








face="Times New Roman Star"s/úrda 'óøêî èãëû, ìåäàëè, ïðîìåæóòîê äëÿ ðåçèíêè íà òðóñàõ'













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 211, EDT 958 (sub jurt), Åãîðîâ 208, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 98.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:p-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to trampleface="Times New Roman Star"òîïòàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"tabry- 'to jump about (about a camel)' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"tapa- (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"da:bala- 'to trample' (of a camel), da:byra- 'to ride, stamp'

face="Times New Roman Star"tabar- 'to fall upon'

face="Times New Roman Star"tabyj- 'to hit with front hooves' (of a horse)face="Times New Roman Star"tabyn- 'to scratch with a hoof'


face="Times New Roman Star"tapa-
face="Times New Roman Star"tapa-


face="Times New Roman Star"tapylda-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 443, ÝÑÒß 3, 111-112, Stachowski 214. The Tat., Kaz., Bashk. and KKalp. reflect a variant *dapa- (or perhaps expressive *da:ppa-, to account for the lack of voicing -p- > -b- after a long vowel).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tol-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to push, collideface="Times New Roman Star"ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ, ïèõàòüface="Times New Roman Star"tul- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tul- 1, (caus.) tuldur- (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tola- 'to wave, shake' (Óß)







face="Times New Roman Star"tolug|ura:- 'to dangle freely inside an empty space'





face="Times New Roman Star"tula- 'to kick'


face="Times New Roman Star"tolarsaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"to:la- 'ðàçãðåáàòü íîãàìè'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 491, 495, 501. Derived is probably *Tolarsuk 'knee or heel joint, sinew' (VEWT 480, 486, ÝÑÒß 8: OT (MK) tolarsuq, Yak. tolunn/an| (< *tolu-n-c?an|-), Kirgh. tolorsuk, Bashk. tularhyq, KKalp. tolarsaq; Kaz. tilersek, influenced by tirsek 'knee').
face="Times New Roman Star"*du"n|u"rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a relative by marriageface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñâàò, ñâàõà, ïîñðåäíèê ïðè ñâàòîâñòâå 2 ñâîéñòâåííèêface="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"du"nu"r 1, dial. du"nu"s? 'ðîäèòåëè íîâîáðà÷íûõ'











face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|u"r 2







face="Times New Roman Star"du"nu"r 'ñâàòîâñòâî'



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 523, Ðÿñÿíåí 1955, 172. Yak. > Evk., Evn. tun|ur 2 (ÒÌÑ 2, 217).
face="Times New Roman Star"*TEn|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to soar, flyface="Times New Roman Star"ïàðèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"ten|- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) tu"n|-

























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 514. See also Òàòàðèíöåâ ÑÒ 1984 , 4, p. 78-81.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tiko"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"slice, pieceface="Times New Roman Star"÷àñòü, êóñîê
face="Times New Roman Star"tiku" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tike
face="Times New Roman Star"tike (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"tika"face="Times New Roman Star"tike


face="Times New Roman Star"tike




face="Times New Roman Star"bir tike 'a little bit'








face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, 918, EDT 478.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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